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45分钟，室温降到-269℃ 杭州造的“超级冰箱”可以量产了_我的网站

一 |     杭州造出了可量产“超级冰箱”。2025年8月，杭州白马湖实验室造出了一台“超级冰箱”。    

    Zhou Jiang speaks at an event. Photo: Courtesy of Zhou Jiang
Zhou Jiang, a researcher at the Sichuan Academy of Social Sciences, has a favorite book:  White Deer Tableland or Bai Lu Yuan by renowned writer Chen Zhongshi.
As vice president of the Regional Science Association of China (RSAC), Zhou told the Global Times that a lifetime of reading has profoundly shaped the way he sees and understands the world. It ultimately led him to a career in research and academia, where he teaches and pursues scholarly work.
Since earning his PhD in economics in 2000, he has devoted himself to the study of regional science and economics, a field that demands a constant crossing of disciplinary boundaries, drawing on the fields of geography, sociology, history, and ecology among others.
"Reading has kept alive my sense of curiosity and taught me to ask questions with patience and persistence: Where do disparities in regional development come from? How do policies affect different groups in society? And how can a region pursue both efficiency and equity so that development is not merely effective, but also imbued with a greater sense of humanity and warmth?" Zhou noted. 
Founded in 1991, RSAC is a national academic society dedicated to advancing domestic and international academic exchange and cooperation, providing consulting services on spatial planning, urbanization, and regional development, and offering intellectual support for China's modernization drive.
The 57-year-old researcher noted that reading has empowered him in two distinct ways.
"The first is discernment. When confronted with a complex issue, I try not to settle for a simple conclusion. Instead, I make an effort to understand its broader context, how it has unfolded, and the perspectives of the different people involved," he said. 
"The second is a sense of inner steadiness. Setbacks are an inevitable part of both life and work. Good books remind us that hardship is never ours alone to bear; countless people before us have faced circumstances more difficult than our own, made difficult choices, and found the strength to carry on. Reading cannot solve every problem for us, but it can help us remain calm when challenges arise, giving us the clarity and resilience that allow us not to panic or give up too easily," he said. 
Historical depth

Each time Zhou returns to the White Deer Tableland, he finds something different in its pages. 
"When I first read it as a young person, I was drawn primarily to the characters and the twists and turns of their lives. Later, as I began researching regional economics, I found myself paying closer attention to the changes in the land, the countryside, families and social order presented in the story. Now, approaching 60, I have come to appreciate more deeply the choices the characters make, the constraints they face, and the quiet perseverance they show amid the sweeping currents of their times," he said. 
White Deer Tableland uses Bai Lu village in Northwest China's Shaanxi Province as a microcosm, tracing the feuds and intertwined fortunes of three generations of the Bai (literally meaning white) and Lu families. Through their stories, it captures more than half a century of sweeping historical change, from the final years of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) to the 1970s and 1980s. The novel won the Mao Dun Literature Prize, one of China's top literature awards, in 1997.
Zhou prefers literary works with historical depth and a keen eye for social change. 
Regional economics may appear to be concerned with the spatial distribution of industries, population and resources, but at its heart, it is about how people live on a particular piece of land, and why some places flourish while others decline, he noted. 
In this sense, literature and history are more than pastimes beyond professional research. They often help him understand the historical context, cultural traditions and social mentality that lie behind economic data, he said. 
When reading novels, Zhou said that he often pays close attention to the relationship between people and the places they inhabit: How the land shapes the local character, how transportation transforms a region, and how shifts in industry reshape families and villages. Such details may not offer a direct conclusion, but they broaden a researcher's perspective. They also serve as a reminder that research should look beyond growth rates and statistical indicators to consider the sense of fulfillment experienced by ordinary people and the dignity of human beings.
Understanding ourselves
Once, while tidying his study, he came across a book filled with notes he had scribbled in his early years. Among them was a question that particularly caught his attention: "In the face of sweeping changes in the times and profound social transformation, what can a person truly determine for himself?"
Looking at those words he had written in his youth was like coming face to face with the person he had been decades ago.
Reading is not simply the act of understanding a book; it is also a record of a person's own growth, he said. The same book can reveal something entirely different when read at different stages of life. 
When we are young, we turn to books in search of answers; but when we become seasoned, we read more to understand life, to understand others, and ultimately, to better understand ourselves, Zhou said. 
In this era of fragmented information, AI can help people access information quickly, organize materials, and gain a basic understanding of unfamiliar fields. Yet deep reading, Zhou said, allows people to see how a conclusion is reached — what evidence supports it, where its boundaries lie, and what alternative interpretations it may invite.
What truly shapes a person, after all, is not how much information they have browsed, but the words that have made them pause and reflect - and the words that have remained with them for many years, he added. 
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二 | 在零下268.95摄氏度的液氦温区，这台脉管制冷机的制冷量达到了1.8到2瓦，降温时间稳定在45分钟左右。这个温度，离绝对零度（零下273.15摄氏度）只差4.2开尔文，被称为现代前沿物理世界的“门槛温度”。今年5月，记者曾专访“超级冰箱”研发团队。这是国内首台采用单一气库技术路线、实现1.5瓦以上制冷量的脉管制冷机，近日，正式通过量产验证。怎么理解这台“超级冰箱”的原理？白马湖实验室氢能储运团队独立首席研究员方凯解释：气体被压缩的时候，会放热。反过来，如果让高压气体“嘭”一下释放出来，猛地膨胀，它就会疯狂吸热，周围就会冷下来。这就是“脉管制冷”技术。

三 | 这台“超级冰箱”主要由压缩机、旋转阀和冷头三部分组成。今年3月，设备在实验室完成了性能验证，制冷量、降温速度、功耗等核心指标均达到国际先进水平，而成本只有进口设备的2/3。

四 | 按照规划，一年可生产“超级冰箱”50至100台。

五 | 这台“超级冰箱”到底有什么用？在量子计算领域，它是量子比特安静计算的“绝对静室”。量子比特极其脆弱，任何一点热量干扰都会让它出错。极低温环境能让它摆脱热噪声，稳定地进行计算。在医疗领域，它是医用核磁共振成像设备的核心部件，让超导磁体稳如磐石。

六 | “没有这个温度环境，所有的高端应用，都是空中楼阁。

七 | ”方凯说。长期以来，脉管制冷技术和机器核心组件被国外垄断。这次突破，不仅打破了国外技术垄断和出口限制，更补上了能源科技与量子产业全国产化链条上的关键一环。

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Published on:00:13:48